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Araceae HERB BOTH Placement Primary: Ornamental

Caladium

Caladium bicolor

Identified By Marcs

Caladium is a stunning tropical genus renowned for its remarkably vibrant, translucent foliage featuring striking patterns in shades of pink, white, red, and green. Grown primarily for their ornamental heart- or arrow-shaped leaves, these plants thrive in warm, humid environments and are popular both as indoor potted specimens and as vibrant shade garden annuals or perennials depending on the climate. They grow from underground tubers and typically go through a natural dormancy period during the cooler months of the year. Due to their dramatic visual appeal, caladiums are a favorite choice for adding a splash of tropical color to shaded porches, patios, and woodland garden beds.

Also known as: Angel Wings Heart of Jesus Elephant Ear

Toxicity & Safety

Is Caladium toxic to pets?

Yes, toxic to pets.

Caladium plants are toxic to cats and dogs due to the presence of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. When chewed or ingested, these microscopic crystals are released, causing immediate irritation of the mouth, tongue, and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. In severe cases, swelling of the upper airway can occur, making it difficult for the animal to breathe. Immediate veterinary attention is recommended if ingestion is suspected.

Is Caladium toxic to humans?

Yes, toxic to humans.

Caladium plants are toxic to humans if ingested, containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Swallowing any part of the plant causes immediate burning and irritation of the lips, mouth, tongue, and throat, often accompanied by intense pain, excessive salivation, and swelling. Accidental contact with sensitive skin or eyes may also cause localized irritation. Keep these plants well out of reach of young children and educate family members about their toxic properties.

Is Caladium safe during pregnancy?

Caution advised during pregnancy.

Ingestion of caladium can lead to severe systemic and local toxic reactions involving calcium oxalate crystals. While direct teratogenic data during pregnancy is limited, severe poisoning, intense gastrointestinal distress, and airway swelling from plant ingestion pose significant health risks to a pregnant individual and can indirectly jeopardize a healthy pregnancy. Therefore, pregnant individuals should handle these plants with extreme care and avoid any accidental ingestion.

Growth & Dimensions

Height 30 - 90 cm
Width 30 - 60 cm
Growth Rate Moderate
Care Level Moderate
Lifespan Perennial

Ideal Environment

Temperature 18°C - 30°C
Sunlight Hours 2 - 6 hrs/day
Sun Exposure Partial shade
Soil pH 5.5 - 6.5
Watering Interval 3 - 7 days
Humidity 60.00% - 90.00%
USDA Zone 9 - 11

Tropical and Subtropical Regions

Climate: Warm, humid tropical and subtropical climates with high relative humidity, consistent warmth, and protection from harsh direct sunlight and freezing temperatures.

Soils: Loam Peat Sand
Annual Rainfall: 1000 - 2500 mm

Native Regions

Central America
South America

How to Care for Caladium

How should I handle watering and moisture?

Caladiums require consistently moist soil during their active growing season, but they should never be allowed to sit in standing water, which can cause the tubers to rot. Water thoroughly whenever the top centimeter of soil feels dry to the touch. Reduce watering significantly in the autumn as the leaves begin to yellow and die back naturally, keeping the dormant tubers relatively dry through the winter months.

How should I handle light and placement?

Provide bright, indirect sunlight to maintain the brilliant coloration of the leaves. Direct hot sun can easily scorch the delicate foliage, while insufficient light will cause the colors to fade and stems to become overly leggy. Indoor plants do best near an east- or north-facing window, whereas outdoor specimens prefer dappled shade under trees or shaded porches.

How to Propagate Caladium

How to propagate Caladium by division?

Propagating caladiums through tuber division is straightforward and best performed in early spring before active growth begins. Carefully dig up or unpot the dormant tuber and inspect it for distinct eye buds. Using a clean, sharp knife, cut the tuber into sections ensuring each piece retains at least one or two viable growth eyes. Allow the cut surfaces to callous over for a day in a warm, dry area to prevent fungal infection. Plant the individual sections upright in a warm, moist potting medium at a depth of about five centimeters, and keep them warm until new shoots emerge.

Common Diseases & Pests of Caladium

What is Tuber Rot and how is it treated?

Fungal
Symptoms:

Tuber rot manifests as soft, mushy, or discolored areas on the underground tuber, often accompanied by a foul odor and sudden wilting, yellowing, or collapse of the entire foliage above the soil line.

Treatment:

Immediately remove the plant from wet soil, cut away any soft or decayed portions of the tuber using a sterilized blade, and treat the remaining healthy tissue with a fungicide before replanting in fresh, well-draining soil.

Prevention:

Prevent tuber rot by ensuring your potting mix drains exceptionally well, avoiding overwatering, and never letting the pot sit in standing water within saucers.

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